Chasing the Northern Lights in Yukon

Few natural phenomena captivate the human imagination quite like the Northern Lights. These dancing ribbons of color illuminating the night sky have inspired awe, myths, and scientific curiosity across generations. While the aurora borealis can be viewed from multiple northern locations, Canada's Yukon Territory offers some of the most spectacular and accessible viewing opportunities in the world.

As guides who have led countless aurora expeditions in the Yukon, we've compiled this comprehensive guide to help you plan your own Northern Lights adventure in one of Canada's most pristine and wild territories.

Understanding the Northern Lights

Before diving into the practical aspects of viewing the aurora, it's helpful to understand what creates this mesmerizing spectacle.

The Northern Lights are created when charged particles from the sun (solar wind) interact with gases in Earth's atmosphere, primarily oxygen and nitrogen. These particles are directed toward the polar regions by Earth's magnetic field, which is why the aurora is primarily visible at high latitudes. When these particles collide with gas molecules in our atmosphere, they transfer energy, causing the gases to emit light:

• Green: The most common color, produced by oxygen molecules approximately 100 km above Earth
• Red: Created by oxygen at higher altitudes (200-400 km)
• Blue and purple: Produced by nitrogen
• Pink and yellow: A blend of the above colors

The intensity and frequency of auroral displays are directly linked to solar activity, which follows an approximately 11-year cycle. While the Northern Lights can be seen throughout the year in Yukon, the current solar cycle is approaching its maximum (expected around 2025), making the next few years an exceptional time for aurora viewing.

Why Choose Yukon for Northern Lights Viewing?

While the aurora can be observed across Canada's northern regions, the Yukon offers several distinct advantages:

• Optimal geographic location: Situated under the "auroral oval"—the zone with the highest aurora activity
• Low light pollution: With a population of only ~40,000 in an area larger than California, Yukon offers truly dark skies
• Relatively mild winter climate: Compared to other northern locations like Northwest Territories or Alaska, Yukon winters can be more manageable
• Accessibility: Regular flights to Whitehorse, well-maintained roads, and established tourism infrastructure
• Mountain scenery: Dramatic landscapes provide stunning foregrounds for aurora photography
• Cultural experiences: Opportunities to learn about Indigenous perspectives on the aurora

Best Time to See the Northern Lights in Yukon

Season

While the Northern Lights are active year-round, they're only visible in dark skies. In Yukon, this creates a viewing season from approximately late August through early April.

• August/September: Early season viewing with mild temperatures and potential for aurora reflections in open water
• October/November: Increasing darkness with potential for viewing over snowy landscapes before extreme cold sets in
• December/January: Peak darkness (up to 20 hours per day) but coldest temperatures (-20°C to -30°C common)
• February/March: Excellent combination of reliable aurora activity, increasing daylight for daytime activities, and moderating temperatures
• April: Last chance before summer brightness makes viewing impossible, with pleasant daytime temperatures

Time of Night

The Northern Lights can appear at any time once skies are dark, but peak activity typically occurs between 10 PM and 2 AM. However, spectacular displays can happen outside this window, so patience and flexibility are key. Plan for multiple viewing nights if possible to increase your chances.

Moon Phase

The brightness of a full moon can diminish the visibility of fainter auroras. For optimal viewing, especially if you're a photographer, try to plan your trip during the new moon or when the moon is below the horizon during primary viewing hours.

Top Northern Lights Viewing Locations in Yukon

1. Whitehorse Area

As Yukon's capital and largest city, Whitehorse makes an excellent base for aurora adventures. While the city itself has some light pollution, you don't need to venture far to find excellent viewing spots:

• Fish Lake Road: Just 15 minutes from downtown, this elevated area offers expansive northern views and is a favorite among locals.
• Schwatka Lake: This location offers potential for capturing aurora reflections on water during fall months.
• Chadburn Lake Road: A network of roads and pullouts providing multiple viewing options with minimal light pollution.
• Takhini Hot Springs Road: Combine aurora viewing with a relaxing soak in the hot springs (open until 10 PM in winter).

2. Southern Lakes Region

The area south of Whitehorse along the Alaska Highway offers excellent viewing opportunities:

• Marsh Lake: About 45 minutes from Whitehorse, this area offers expansive views over frozen lakes in winter.
• Tagish: This small community sits between Marsh and Tagish Lakes, providing multiple waterfront viewing locations.
• Carcross Desert: The world's smallest desert creates unique foreground opportunities for aurora photography.

3. Kluane National Park Region

For those seeking spectacular mountain backdrops for their aurora experience:

• Haines Junction: This village at the edge of Kluane National Park offers aurora views with the St. Elias Mountains as a backdrop.
• Kathleen Lake: A stunning location within the national park, particularly effective in September when the lake is still unfrozen.
• Dezadeash Lake: Accessible viewing area with minimal light pollution and mountain vistas.

4. Northern Yukon

For the most dramatic aurora displays and true wilderness experience:

• Dawson City: This historic gold rush town sits further north under the auroral oval, potentially offering more intense displays.
• Tombstone Territorial Park: Offers some of the most dramatic landscape backdrops for aurora photography, though winter access requires preparation.
• Eagle Plains: Located along the Dempster Highway, this remote location offers truly dark skies and often spectacular aurora activity.

Aurora Viewing Options in Yukon

Guided Tours

Several companies offer specialized aurora viewing tours in Yukon, ranging from evening excursions to multi-night packages. The advantages of booking a guided experience include:

• Transportation to optimal viewing locations away from light pollution
• Heated viewing facilities or vehicles where you can warm up
• Professional guidance on photography and interpretation of aurora activity
• Equipment rental options (cameras, tripods, winter clothing)
• Complementary hot beverages and snacks
• Flexibility to adjust locations based on cloud cover and aurora forecasts

Most guided tours operate from Whitehorse and transport guests to viewing locations 30-60 minutes outside the city. Tours typically depart around 9-10 PM and return between 2-3 AM, though some operators offer extended viewing options.

Aurora Cabins and Lodges

For a more immersive experience, consider staying at accommodations specifically designed for aurora viewing:

• Northern Lights Resort & Spa: Located 20 minutes from Whitehorse, offers glass-walled Aurora View cabins and outdoor hot tubs.
• Southern Lakes Resort: Lakeside cabins with aurora wake-up call service and unobstructed northern views.
• Inn on the Lake: Historic lodge on Marsh Lake with aurora viewing platforms and fine dining.
• Aurora Centre Yukon: Purpose-built viewing complex with heated domes and photography assistance.

These specialized accommodations typically offer packages that include transportation from Whitehorse, meals, and daytime activities in addition to prime aurora viewing conditions.

Self-Guided Viewing

With a rental vehicle and proper preparation, self-guided aurora viewing offers maximum flexibility:

• Freedom to choose your viewing location and timing
• Ability to adjust plans based on weather and aurora forecasts
• Cost savings, especially for groups
• Opportunity to combine aurora viewing with a Yukon road trip

Photography Tips for the Northern Lights

Capturing the aurora requires specific techniques and equipment. Here are our essential tips:

Essential Equipment

• Camera: A DSLR or mirrorless camera with manual settings capability
• Lens: Wide-angle lens with fast aperture (f/2.8 or faster ideally)
• Tripod: Sturdy and stable, with legs that work in cold temperatures
• Remote shutter release: To avoid camera shake
• Extra batteries: Cold temperatures drain batteries quickly
• Hand warmers: To keep batteries and your hands functioning
• Headlamp: Preferably with a red light mode to preserve night vision

Camera Settings

Start with these baseline settings and adjust based on conditions:

• Mode: Manual
• Format: RAW for maximum editing flexibility
• Aperture: As wide as possible (f/2.8 or lower)
• Shutter Speed: 5-15 seconds (shorter for bright, active aurora; longer for faint displays)
• ISO: Start at 1600 and adjust as needed
• White Balance: Auto or 3500K-4500K
• Focus: Manual focus set to infinity (∞)

Composition Tips

• Include interesting foreground elements (trees, mountains, cabins, etc.)
• Use the rule of thirds to create balanced images
• Experiment with different orientations (horizontal for wide aurora bands, vertical for tall curtains)
• Consider including people in some shots to provide scale and human interest
• Look for reflections in water or ice to add dimension
• Don't forget to occasionally put down your camera and simply enjoy the show with your own eyes

Preparing for Winter Aurora Viewing

Yukon winters can be extremely cold, with temperatures often dropping below -20°C (-4°F) at night. Proper preparation is essential for both comfort and safety:

Clothing

The key to staying warm is layering:

• Base layer: Moisture-wicking thermal underwear (avoid cotton)
• Mid layers: Fleece or wool for insulation
• Outer layer: Windproof and waterproof jacket and pants
• Extremities: Insulated waterproof boots rated for -40°C, wool socks, insulated mittens (warmer than gloves), and a hat that covers ears
• Face protection: Balaclava or face mask to protect against frostbite
• Hand/foot warmers: Disposable heat packs can be lifesavers on extremely cold nights

Many tour companies and accommodations provide winter clothing packages for visitors, which can be more practical than purchasing specialized gear for a single trip.

Additional Essentials

• Thermos with hot beverages
• High-energy snacks
• Fully charged mobile phone (though be aware coverage may be limited)
• Flashlight or headlamp with fresh batteries
• Hand sanitizer (liquid sanitizers can freeze, so gel or wipes are better options)
• Tissues or toilet paper (facilities may be limited at viewing sites)

Beyond the Lights: Daytime Activities in Winter Yukon

Since aurora viewing is a nighttime activity, you'll have days to fill with other Yukon experiences. Here are some popular options:

Winter Adventures

• Dog Sledding: Experience the traditional northern mode of transportation with a dog mushing tour.
• Snowmobiling: Guided tours for beginners or rentals for experienced riders.
• Ice Fishing: Try your hand at catching Arctic grayling, lake trout, or northern pike through the ice.
• Snowshoeing: Explore winter trails with guided tours available for all fitness levels.
• Cross-country Skiing: Whitehorse maintains over 85 km of groomed trails at the Whitehorse Cross Country Ski Club.
• Winter Fat Biking: Specially designed bicycles with oversized tires for riding on packed snow.

Cultural Experiences

• MacBride Museum: Learn about Yukon's natural and cultural history in downtown Whitehorse.
• Yukon Arts Centre: Gallery exhibitions and performances showcasing northern artists.
• Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre: Exhibitions and programs highlighting the culture of the Kwanlin Dün First Nation.
• Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre: Explore the fascinating Ice Age history of the unglaciated region known as Beringia.
• Yukon Wildlife Preserve: Observe northern wildlife species in their natural habitat.

Relaxation

• Takhini Hot Springs: Natural mineral hot pools, perfect for soaking tired muscles after a day of adventure.
• Eclipse Nordic Hot Springs: A newly renovated hot springs complex offering multiple pools and spa services.
• Wintertime Yoga: Several studios in Whitehorse offer drop-in classes.
• Craft Brewery Tours: Sample locally made beers at Yukon Brewing and Winterlong Brewing.

Understanding Aurora Forecasts

While the Northern Lights can never be guaranteed on a specific night, several tools can help predict aurora activity:

Kp Index

The Kp index is a scale from 0-9 that indicates the general level of geomagnetic activity. In Yukon:

• Kp 0-2: Aurora may be visible on clear nights, typically as a faint glow on the northern horizon
• Kp 3-4: Good chance of seeing aurora overhead in dark locations
• Kp 5+: Strong aurora activity likely visible even with some light pollution
• Kp 7-9: Exceptional displays potentially visible as far south as the northern US

Cloud Cover

Even with high aurora activity, cloud cover can block your view. Check local weather forecasts specifically for cloud conditions during viewing hours. In Yukon, weather can vary significantly between regions—it might be cloudy in Whitehorse but clear 30 minutes away.

Solar Cycle

The sun's activity follows an approximately 11-year cycle. We're currently in Solar Cycle 25, which began in December 2019 and is expected to peak around 2025, making the next few years an excellent time for aurora viewing.

Indigenous Perspectives on the Northern Lights

For the Indigenous peoples of the Yukon, the aurora holds deep cultural significance. Many First Nations have traditional stories about the Northern Lights:

• Some believe the lights represent the spirits of ancestors dancing across the sky
• Others see the aurora as a bridge between the physical and spiritual worlds
• In some traditions, whistling at the aurora will cause the lights to dance more vigorously or even come closer
• Various communities have customs about how to behave when the aurora is present, including avoiding direct pointing at the lights

When visiting Yukon, seek opportunities to learn about these perspectives through cultural centers, museums, and Indigenous-led tours. Understanding these traditional viewpoints adds depth to the aurora viewing experience and fosters respect for the land you're visiting.

Planning Your Yukon Aurora Adventure

Getting to Yukon

Whitehorse, Yukon's capital, is the main gateway for most visitors:

• Air: Regular flights connect Whitehorse to Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, and seasonally to Frankfurt, Germany
• Road: The Alaska Highway connects Yukon to British Columbia and Alaska

Getting Around

• Rental vehicles: Available in Whitehorse, including winter-equipped options
• Guided tours: Many operators provide transportation to aurora viewing spots
• Taxis and rideshares: Available within Whitehorse but limited for longer distances

Accommodation Types

• Aurora-focused lodges: Specialized properties with viewing facilities and wake-up services for aurora activity
• Hotels: Several quality options in Whitehorse and limited choices in smaller communities
• Cabins and wilderness lodges: Off-grid experiences with potential for doorstep aurora viewing
• Hostels: Budget-friendly options primarily in Whitehorse

Recommended Duration

To maximize your chances of seeing the aurora, we recommend:

• Minimum: 3 nights (providing multiple viewing opportunities in case of cloudy conditions)
• Ideal: 5-7 nights (allowing for a range of experiences and greater aurora-viewing probability)